High-Brightness, High-Speed, and Low-Noise VCSEL Arrays for Optical Wireless Communication

The development of high-speed and high-brightness vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), which can serve as an efficient light source for optical wireless communication (OWC), play a crucial role in growth the next generation networks, e.g., 6 G satellite communications. In this work, by optimizing size Zn-diffusion oxide-relief apertures 850 nm VCSEL, we obtain record-high brightness (2.9 MW ${\mathrm {cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm {sr}}^{-1}$ at 10 mW output) with single polarized (quasi-) single-mode (SM) outputs under continuous wave (CW) operation. However, such high output comes cost spatial hole burning (SHB) effect degraded quality 25 Gbit/sec eye patterns. addition, SM VSCEL array structure is usually needed to further boost total available power long-reach OWC. Here, novel VCSEL demonstrated releases trade-off between performances eye-pattern quality. Our has special crisscross mesa connecting neighboring units extra electroplated copper substrate integrated on backside chip. Compared reference without connected active mesas, exhibits higher power, narrower divergence angle, larger orthogonal polarization mode suppression ratio (OPSR), flatter E-O response. This turn leads smaller jitter less noise measured 12.5 eye-patterns. notation="LaTeX">$7\times 7$ maximum around 90 1/ notation="LaTeX">$\text{e}^{2}$ angle narrow 7 o (FWHM: 5 ), (10 dB OPSR), decent relative intensity performance (<−130 dB/Hz) clear eye-opening. Such new device remarkable static/dynamic strong potential improve product linking distance data rate OWC channels.